Gluten-free diet intervention reduces thiamine intake in two weeks, increases glycaemic response and body weight in four weeks, with no long term nutritional deficiencies

Goddard, L., Begovich, L., Clegg, M. and Thondre, P. S. (2022) Gluten-free diet intervention reduces thiamine intake in two weeks, increases glycaemic response and body weight in four weeks, with no long term nutritional deficiencies. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition, 73 (3). pp. 367-377. ISSN 0963-7486 doi: 10.1080/09637486.2021.1980865

Abstract/Summary

This research aimed to investigated the short- and long-term effects of gluten free diet (GFD) on nutritional intake, glycaemic and insulin response. In a cross-sectional study, participants who consumed a gluten-containing diet (GCD; n=11) and a GFD (n=11) completed a food diary, blood glucose and insulin measurements. In a pre-postn intervention study (n=, 11), glycaemic and insulin responsed were tested individuals completed a food diary, blood glucose and insulin measurements before and after four weeks of a GFD. Food intake was recorded before and after two weeks. No significant differences in nutrient intake, glycaemic or insulin responses were found in the cross-sectional study (p>0.05). In the intervention study, there was a significant reduction in body weight (p=0.007) and, body mass index (BMI) (p=0.004) after four weeks and and lower thiamine intake (p=0.021) after two weeks of GFD. Glycaemic response was significantly higher (p<0.05) following GFD intervention with no significant differences in insulin response. Following a GFD for 4 weeks may induce weight loss and, hyperglycaemia, and thiamine inadequacy and after 2 weeks, may result in a lower thiamine intake . These differences may be corrected were not evident if if a GFD is continued was followed for a longer period than this period, possibly due to improved food choices. in the short term. However, it is nutritionally comparable to GCD in the long-term.